indonesia
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~ PART I ~ THE INDONESIAN SPIRITUAL UNIVERSE To understand Indonesian horror, one must first abandon a deeply Western assumption: that the supernatural represents a break in reality. In Indonesian cosmology, spirits are not intrusions, they are not aberrations and they are not even necessarily hostile. They are simply there, occupying the same world as…
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Introduction Confucianism, as a philosophical and socio-political system, has deeply influenced the development of East Asian societies for over two millennia. While it has been praised for promoting social harmony and moral ethics, its long-standing impact has also contributed to the entrenchment of patriarchal, hierarchical, and authoritarian systems. As a feminist and leftist, I argue…